diff --git a/apply.go b/apply.go
index ad6390b..9e3b037 100644
--- a/apply.go
+++ b/apply.go
@@ -45,17 +45,17 @@ func bindOptions(receiver reflect.Value, shortForms []string, o []option) bool {
 }
 
 func createStructArg(t reflect.Type, shortForms []string, c config, e env, o []option) (reflect.Value, bool) {
-	r := allocate(t)
+	r := allocate(reflect.PointerTo(t))
 	hasConfigMatches := bindKeyVals(r, c.values)
 	hasEnvMatches := bindKeyVals(r, e.values)
 	hasOptionMatches := bindOptions(r, shortForms, o)
-	return r, hasConfigMatches || hasEnvMatches || hasOptionMatches
+	return r.Elem(), hasConfigMatches || hasEnvMatches || hasOptionMatches
 }
 
 func createPositional(t reflect.Type, v string) reflect.Value {
-	r := allocate(t)
+	r := allocate(reflect.PointerTo(t))
 	bindScalar(r, v)
-	return r
+	return r.Elem()
 }
 
 func createArgs(stdin io.Reader, stdout io.Writer, t reflect.Type, shortForms []string, c config, e env, cl commandLine) []reflect.Value {
diff --git a/go.mod b/go.mod
index 9a144a8..f42ca04 100644
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -3,13 +3,11 @@ module code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/wand
 go 1.25.0
 
 require (
+	code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250901011104-bcadfd8b71fc
 	code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250831183400-d26ecc663a30
 	code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/notation v0.0.0-20250826181910-5140794b16b2
 	code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/treerack v0.0.0-20250820014405-1d956dcc6610
 	github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.3.0
 )
 
-require (
-	code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250831235903-9a6db08a25d0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 // indirect
-)
+require golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 // indirect
diff --git a/go.sum b/go.sum
index 9465a5c..b206c9f 100644
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -1,23 +1,11 @@
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250831151900-af0bbca22e99 h1:1p3wtLY/USO+niU9d7yNqk/sbRluZ3/Xoo7L7gEF+ew=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250831151900-af0bbca22e99/go.mod h1:tTCmCwFABKNm3PO0Dclsp4zWhNQFTfg9+uSrgoarZFI=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250831235903-9a6db08a25d0 h1:dpekVQNpmH39MDNig+hA2IFF6J7TXPQNc8hTuENAn7A=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250831235903-9a6db08a25d0/go.mod h1:tTCmCwFABKNm3PO0Dclsp4zWhNQFTfg9+uSrgoarZFI=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250823192303-755a103f3788 h1:jJoq0FdasFFDX1uJowXD8iyX/2G3gjwxtVEDyXtfeuw=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250823192303-755a103f3788/go.mod h1:/3xQI36oJG8qLBxT2fSS61P5/+i1T64fTX9GHRh8XhA=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250826190210-b092c9cb4c2e h1:FJ9rP44KGmiDZb+gGRH0ty209R05x2vR3wNPUG3HB4I=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250826190210-b092c9cb4c2e/go.mod h1:/3xQI36oJG8qLBxT2fSS61P5/+i1T64fTX9GHRh8XhA=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250826190339-b00034d8ca42 h1:w9JPDwsnPvDC70helP9RNL2lnRj+ab2eVgv9fK56kIg=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250826190339-b00034d8ca42/go.mod h1:/3xQI36oJG8qLBxT2fSS61P5/+i1T64fTX9GHRh8XhA=
+code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250901011104-bcadfd8b71fc h1:nu5YXVLDrRzN9Ea5agXmhxFILyVAPyoED25ksTYC9ws=
+code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/bind v0.0.0-20250901011104-bcadfd8b71fc/go.mod h1:tTCmCwFABKNm3PO0Dclsp4zWhNQFTfg9+uSrgoarZFI=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250831183400-d26ecc663a30 h1:QUCgxUEA5/ng7GwRnzb/WezmFQXSHXl48GdLJc0KC5k=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/docreflect v0.0.0-20250831183400-d26ecc663a30/go.mod h1:/3xQI36oJG8qLBxT2fSS61P5/+i1T64fTX9GHRh8XhA=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/notation v0.0.0-20241225183158-af3bd591a174 h1:DKMSagVY3uyRhJ4ohiwQzNnR6CWdVKLkg97A8eQGxQU=
-code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/notation v0.0.0-20241225183158-af3bd591a174/go.mod h1:ait4Fvg9o0+bq5hlxi9dAcPL5a+/sr33qsZPNpToMLY=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/notation v0.0.0-20250826181910-5140794b16b2 h1:S4mjQHL70CuzFg1AGkr0o0d+4M+ZWM0sbnlYq6f0b3I=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/notation v0.0.0-20250826181910-5140794b16b2/go.mod h1:ait4Fvg9o0+bq5hlxi9dAcPL5a+/sr33qsZPNpToMLY=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/treerack v0.0.0-20250820014405-1d956dcc6610 h1:I0jebdyQQfqJcwq2lT/TkUPBU8secHa5xZ+VzOdYVsw=
 code.squareroundforest.org/arpio/treerack v0.0.0-20250820014405-1d956dcc6610/go.mod h1:9XhPcVt1Y1M609z02lHvEcp00dwPD9NUCoVxS2TpcH8=
-github.com/aryszka/notation v0.0.0-20230129164653-172017dde5e4 h1:JzqT9RArcw2sD4QPAyTss/sHaCZvCv+91DDJPZOrShw=
-github.com/aryszka/notation v0.0.0-20230129164653-172017dde5e4/go.mod h1:myJFmFAZ/75y5xdA1jjpc4ItNJwdRqaL+TQhIvDU8Vk=
 github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.3.0 h1:nTXanmYxhfFAMjZL34Ov6gkzEsSJZ5DbhxWjvSASxEI=
 github.com/iancoleman/strcase v0.3.0/go.mod h1:iwCmte+B7n89clKwxIoIXy/HfoL7AsD47ZCWhYzw7ho=
 golang.org/x/mod v0.27.0 h1:kb+q2PyFnEADO2IEF935ehFUXlWiNjJWtRNgBLSfbxQ=
diff --git a/reflect.go b/reflect.go
index d4a4e77..44c0612 100644
--- a/reflect.go
+++ b/reflect.go
@@ -186,13 +186,13 @@ func structParameters(f any) []reflect.Type {
 
 func structFields(s reflect.Type) []bind.Field {
 	s = unpackType(s)
-	v := reflect.Zero(s)
-	return bind.FieldValues(v)
+	v := allocate(reflect.PointerTo(s))
+	return bind.FieldValues(v.Interface())
 }
 
 func fields(f any) []bind.Field {
 	var fields []bind.Field
-	s := structParameters(fields)
+	s := structParameters(f)
 	for _, si := range s {
 		fields = append(fields, structFields(si)...)
 	}
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func fields(f any) []bind.Field {
 }
 
 func mapFields(f any) map[string][]bind.Field {
-	fields := fields(fields)
+	fields := fields(f)
 	m := make(map[string][]bind.Field)
 	for _, fi := range fields {
 		m[fi.Name()] = append(m[fi.Name()], fi)
@@ -260,6 +260,7 @@ func bindable(t reflect.Type) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
+	t = unpackType(t)
 	if isTime(t) {
 		return true
 	}
@@ -336,7 +337,7 @@ func canScanType(t reflect.Type, v any) bool {
 		return false
 	}
 
-	r := reflect.Zero(t)
+	r := allocate(reflect.PointerTo(t))
 	return bind.BindScalar(r.Interface(), v)
 }
 
@@ -354,7 +355,8 @@ func allocate(t reflect.Type) reflect.Value {
 		s.Index(0).Set(v)
 		return s
 	default:
-		return reflect.Zero(t)
+		p := reflect.New(t)
+		return p.Elem()
 	}
 }
 
@@ -364,11 +366,13 @@ func bindScalar(receiver reflect.Value, value any) {
 
 func bindFields(receiver reflect.Value, values map[string][]any) []string {
 	var f []bind.Field
-	for name, value := range values {
-		f = append(f, bind.NamedValue(name, value))
+	for name, vals := range values {
+		for _, v := range vals {
+			f = append(f, bind.NamedValue(name, v))
+		}
 	}
 
-	unmapped := bind.BindFields(receiver, f...)
+	unmapped := bind.BindFields(receiver.Interface(), f...)
 
 	var names []string
 	for _, um := range unmapped {
diff --git a/reflect_test.go b/reflect_test.go
index febbef3..5690822 100644
--- a/reflect_test.go
+++ b/reflect_test.go
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ func TestReflect(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("any", testExec(testCase{impl: f, command: "foo bar"}, "", "bar"))
 			type i interface{ Foo() }
 			g := func(a i) any { return a }
-			t.Run("unscannable", testExec(testCase{impl: g, command: "foo bar"}, "non-empty interface", ""))
+			t.Run("unscannable", testExec(testCase{impl: g, command: "foo bar"}, "unsupported parameter type", ""))
 		})
 	})
 }